Microbial degradation of flexible polyurethane foams by aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus

The ability of the fungi, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus, to degrade palm-based flexible polyurethane foam was determined via the petri dish and shake flask tests. A dense fungal growth was detected by visual examination of foams inoculated on minimal nutrient agar/solution (MN)but not on the mineral salts agar/solution (MS). Both the palm-based and commercial flexible polyureth- ane foams incubated on MN suffered significant weight losses while slight increases were recorded by the samples incubated on MS. Under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), dense fungal growth was observed covering the samples incubated on MN but none on the samples incubated on MS. Palm-based foams were degraded much faster than the commercial foams in the shake flask test with A. terreus as shown by higher weight losses, deterioration and even complete decomposition of the samples. Complete decomposition of palm-based foam showed that it could be degraded in the environment in the presence ofA. nigeror A. terreus, with sufficient nutrients and maximum contact between the fungi and the foams.

Abstrak: Kebolehan kulat Aspergillus niger dan Aspergillus terreusmenguraikan busa poliuretana fleksibel berasaskan sawit ditentukan melalui kaedah piring petri dan goncangan kelalang. Pertumbuhan kulat yang padat dapat dilihat dengan mata kasar pada busa yang dieram dalam larutan/agar nutrien minimum (MN) tetapi tiada pertumbuhan pada busa yang dieram dalam larutan/agar garam mineral (MS). Kedua-dua jenis busa yang dieram dalam MN mengalami kehilangan berat yang ketara manakala terdapat sedikit pertambahan berat pada busa yang dieram dalam MS. Pengamatan melalui mikroskop imbasan elektron (SEM) menunjukkan pertumbuhan kulat yang padat pada busa di dalam MN, tetapi tidak pada busa di dalam MS. Busa berasaskan sawit diuraikan lebih pantas dari busa komersial di dalam ujian goncangan kelalang bersama-samaA. terreus seperti yang ditunjukkan melalui kehilangan berat yang lebih tinggi dan penguraian sepenuhnya busa tersebut di dalam MN. Penguraian sepenuhnya busa berasaskan sawit menunjukkan busa ini dapat diuraikan di persekitaran dengan kehadiranA. niger atauA. terreus, nutrien yang mencukupi dan pendedahan maksimum kulat kepada busa tersebut.

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