SureSawitTM SHELL – A Diagnostic Assay to Predict Fruit Forms of Oil Palm

Genetic studies in oil palm have been impeded by its long breeding cycle and requirement for large tracts of land for field planting. The application of genomics tools provides an opportunity to overcome these constraints and move forward from the phenotype-driven research that had been the focus previously. In order to develop these tools, the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) and its partners achieved a significant scientific breakthrough by decoding the E. guineensis and E. oleifera genomes, in 2013. Obtaining high quality sequence assembly proved to be a valuable resource to identify genes linked to important agronomic traits of oil palm. In this respect, using a combination of classical genetics and whole genome sequence as a reference, the gene responsible for the three different fruit forms of E. guineensis – SHELL – was identified. The identification of the gene responsible for the fruit forms paved the way for the development of the SureSawitTM SHELL diagnostic assay kit. The kit advances the application of molecular diagnostic tools in both oil palm breeding and commercial seed production.

Kajian genetik sawit sering menghadapi halangan yang berpunca daripada kitar pembiakbakaan yang panjang dan keperluan kawasan tanah yang luas untuk penanaman. Aplikasi peralatan genomik membuka peluang untuk mengatasi halangan tersebut dan beralih daripada kajian berasaskan fenotip yang merupakan fokus sebelum ini. Bagi membangunkan peralatan genomik tersebut, MPOB dan beberapa rakan kongsinya telah mencapai kejayaan yang cemerlang dalam bidang sains melalui pengekodan genom E. guineensis dan E. oleifera pada tahun 2013. Kehadiran himpunan jujukan genom yang berkualiti tinggi merupakan sumber yang bernilai untuk mengenal pasti gen yang berkaitan dengan ciri-ciri agronomi sawit yang penting. Sehubungan dengan itu, melalui gabungan maklumat daripada genetik klasik dan jujukan genom lengkap sebagai rujukan, gen yang bertanggungjawab terhadap pembentukan tiga jenis buah daripada spesis E. guineensis – SHELL – telah dikenal pasti. Penemuan gen yang berperanan dalam pembentukan jenis buah tersebut telah memberi laluan untuk pembangunan kit asai diagnostik SureSawitTM SHELL. Penggunaan kit asai diagnostik ini akan menerajui penggunaan peralatan diagnostik molekul dalam bidang pembiakbakaan sawit dan penghasilan biji benih komersil.

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