Oil Palm Bulletin No. 56 (May 2008) p29-40

Browning characteristics of palm-based mozzarella analoques

KARIMAH Ahmad

Five types of mozzarella analogues were produced using palm-based products such as refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (PO), palm olein (POo), palm kernel oil (PKO), palm stearin (POS) and a blend comprising 30% PO and 70% palm kernel olein. The change in colour of mozzarella analogues before and after baking were compared with the control. A commercial sample imported from Denmark was used as the control. The slip melting point of palm-based oils ranged from 19.4°C to 48.7°C. Colour readings were analysed on day 1, 8, 15, 21 and 30. The browning properties of mozzarella analogues and control were evaluated using the Hunter Lab colour system. Browning, which occurs at the cheese surface during high temperature baking, is characterized by the formation of a skin-like layer containing coloured patches that may range from light or golden brown to black in extreme cases. Before baking, mozzarella analogue samples were lighter in colour compared to the control sample. Their L-value which is a measure of the degree of lightness of the control sample ranged from 60.43-66.28. The ranking for lightness of colour for mozzarella analogues were POS&gt,Blend&gt,PKO&gt,PO&gt,POo. There was a significant difference in L-value between the control and all mozzarella analogues before baking. The L-value of the control sample after baking ranged from 42.48-50.28 while that of the analogues ranged from 62.01-68.76. The a-value which is the degree of redness of the control sample before baking was significantly different from all the mozzarella analogues except for analogue made using POS. After baking, the control sample had an a-value 10 times more than the analogue samples. No significant difference (p&lt,0.05) in a-value was observed among the mozzarella analogues but a significant difference was observed between  the control and the mozzarella analogue samples. The use of palm-based oils with different slip meting point showed some effects on the browning properties of mozzarella analogues.

 

ABSTRAK
Lima jenis analog mozarela telah dihasilkan dengan menggunakan minyak sawit, olein sawit, minyak isirung sawit, stearin sawit dan campuran minyak sawit (30%) serta olein isirung sawit (70%) yang telah ditulen, nyah warna dan nyah bau. Penukaran warna bagi analog mozarela sebelum dan selepas dibakar di dalam ketuhar dibandingkan dengan sampel piawai. Sampel komersial yang diimport dari Denmark digunakan sebagai piawai. Titik takat lebur bagi hasil minyak sawit yang digunakan mempunyai julat di antara 19.4°C hingga 48.7°C. Pembacaan warna dijalankan pada hari 1, 8, 15, 21 dan 30. Sifat kecoklatan bagi sampel analog mozarela dan piawai dianalisis dengan menggunakan sistem warna Hunter Lab. Proses kecoklatan biasanya terjadi pada permukaan semasa dibakar di dalam ketuhar. Ciri-cirinya adalah pembentukan lapisan yang bertompok-tompok dan mempunyai julat warna coklat keemasan hingga kehitaman. Analog mozarela menunjukkan warna yang cerah sebelum dibakar jika dibandingkan dengan piawai. Nilai-L iaitu ukuran bagi darjah kecerahan bagi piawai adalah 60.43- 66.28. Darjat kecerahan bagi warna untuk analog mozarela adalah POS&gt,Blend&gt,PKO&gt,PO&gt,POo. Analisis statistik menunjukkan ada perbezaan yang ketara di antara warna piawai dan analog mozarela sebelum dibakar. Nilai l bagi piawai setelah dibakar mempunyai julat 42.48-50.28 manakala bagi analog mozarela pula adalah 62.01-68.76. Darjah kemerahan yang diukur sebagai nilai-a menunjukkan perbezaan yang ketara di antara piawai dan kesemua analog mozarela melainkan analog yang dibuat dengan stearin sawit. Didapati bahawa setelah dibakar, sampel piawai mempunyai nilai-a sebanyak 10 kali ganda lebih daripada analog mozarela. Tiada perbezaan ketara didapati di antara sampel analog mozarela tetapi perbezaan yang ketara didapati di antara sampel piawai dan analog mozarela. Penggunaan hasil minyak sawit yang mempunyai titik takat lebur yang berbeza memberi kesan ke atas ciri-ciri kecoklatan analog mozarela.

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