Techniques for detecting adulteration in palm kernel oil

Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIR) is a rapid technique to detect adulteration of crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) by palm oil products and by-products if the level of adulteration is more than 10%. Below this, the technique can detect scavenger, alcohol bottom, ester bottom or soap stock contamination. Determination of solid fat content (SFC) by pulsed […]